La sentenza in epigrafe, ribadisce il costante principio giurisprudenziale della responsabilità penale dell'amministratore di diritto di società, per omesso controllo sugli illeciti posti in essere da parte dell'amministratore di fatto ovvero di terzi soggetti operanti per conto della società.
In Specifically, the criminal liability for failure to mediate the competition is a combination art. 40 para. and the position of security - in this case-control position constituted by the obligation of monitoring and impediments in the second paragraph of Article. 2392 cc and from the preservation of the assets to creditors under 2394 cc
The commission of crimes by administrators can expose the company to the risk of claims against him. The administrator's right to a corporation liable for crimes committed in the contest administrator whether intentionally or by negligence did not prevent the event occurring.
REPUBBLICA ITALIANA
IN NOME DEL POPOLO ITALIANO
LA CORTE SUPREMA DI CASSAZIONE
Sez. III Penale
Composta dagli Ill.mi Signori
Dott. Enrico ALTIERI Presidente
Dott. Agostino CORDOVA Consigliere
Dott. Pierluigi ONORATO Consigliere
Dott. Ciro PETTI Consigliere
Dott. Aldo FIALE Consigliere
ha pronunciato la seguente
SENTENZA
- sul ricorso proposto da ***********, nata a Genzano di Roma il **********, avverso la sentenza
della corte d'appello di Roma del 15 gennaio del 2008;
- udita la relazione svolta dal consigliere dott. Ciro Petti;
- sentito il P.M. nella persona del sostituto procuratore General Dr. Alfredo Mountain, which has
concluded the appeal inadmissible;
- after hearing the defense lawyer. Antonio Androni as substitute procedural Att. Fabrizio Federici, the
which concluded that the appeal is accepted;
- read the appeal and the sentence complained of the following remarks
IN FACT
The Court of Appeal of Rome, Judgement of 15 January 2008, confirmed that delivered
by the court of Velletri 19 January 2007, which ***********
was sentenced to twenty days of arrest and a fine of € 10,600, to be responsible for crimes under Articles.
44 letter c) of Presidential Decree No 380 of 2001 and Decree 163, Legislative n 490 1999 for having, in a
bound, made a number of works (leveling the ground, two prefabricated structures
two metal-covered plastic, some billboards and two refrigerators)
without planning permission and without clearance authority responsible for protection of the bond. Without
committed 7 November 2003
According to the reconstruction facts contained in the contested decision which ***********,
company executive ***********, limited liability company , who operates
storage used and new cars, had sought and obtained a concession il suolo pubblico
su cui svolgere l'attività a condizione che non fossero installate opere durevoli e fosse conservato lo
stato dei luoghi, fatta eccezione per la normale pulizia e la sistemazione del terreno. Essa, invece,
aveva realizzato le opere indicate nel capo d'imputazione senza alcuna autorizzazione.
Tanto premesso, la corte osservava che i prefabbricati e gli altri manufatti per la loro obiettiva
destinazione a servizio della società non potevano considerarsi opere precarie; che la prevenuta era
responsabile, non solo perché formalmente era l'amministratrice della società, ma anche perché di
fatto l'amministrava, come dimostrato dai contratti di cessione delle autovetture da lei undersigned,
and was the holder of the concession in land use and, moreover, had the duty to prevent
which the event occurred.
recurs to the Supreme Court claiming the accused:
1) violation of incriminating under Article 27 of the Constitution and the fact that the
had been charged only for its formal qualities of Directors, and occurs
illogical reasoning on that point;
2) violation of Article 40 of the Criminal Code and Civil Code 2392 to get the
court erred in finding that it had an obligation to prevent the event;
3) Any violation of incriminating the case of works for which there was poor
necessary il permesso di costruire;
4)travisamento del fatto o della prova essendo emerso proprio dalla testimonianza dei vigili urbani e
segnatamente da quella del vigile urbano Barbalisca che non trattavasi di prefabbricati, ma di due
cassoni di camion furgonati semplicemente appoggiati al suolo
IN DIRITTO
Questo collegio, premesso che allo stato il reato non si è prescritto perché alla scorsa udienza del 21
novembre del 2008, davanti a questa corte diversamente costituita, il processo è stato rinviato per
impedimento del difensore, per cui il termine prescrizionale che scadeva proprio il 21 novembre del
2008, per effetto di precedenti sospensioni intercorse nel giudizio di merito per complessivi mesi
five and 14 days, was suspended for an additional 60 days after removal of the cause,
notes that the application is still unacceptable in several respects. First
for the non-specificity of the grounds. Article 581
Lett. c) Code of Criminal Procedure provides that the appeals should read: "
specific indication of the legal arguments and facts that support each individual request."
The legislature of 1988 reaffirmed the need for specification of complaints to ensure a minimum of seriousness
to appeals claiming that the reasons are related to each request by
clear and precise indication of the complaints that are to move across or points of
contested decision and the reasons of law and factual findings that support
every single request. Under the guidance of this court, are considered non-specific reasons that
reproduce the same reasons already discussed and considered to be unfounded by the court of appeal. The lack of specificity of
why indeed should be appreciated, not only because of its vagueness, as
indeterminacy, but also for the lack of correlation between the reasons argued
the contested decision and those forming the basis for the appeal, this could not
ignore the clarification, the court criticized, without falling into the habit of non-specificity driver in mind Article 591
comma 1 lett. c) all'inammissibilità (Cass 18 settembre 1997 Ahemtovic ;Cass.sez
II, 6 maggio 2003 Curcillo).
Nella fattispecie la ricorrente si limita a riproporre censure già avanzate alla sentenza di primo
grado e puntualmente respinte dalla corte territoriale senza indicare in maniera specifica i vizi del
ragionamento del giudice censurato.
In secondo luogo per la manifesta infondatezza dei motivi.
Con riferimento ai primi due motivi, che vanno esaminati congiuntamente perché strettamente
connessi, si osserva che il riferimento alla giurisprudenza di questa corte sulla responsabilità del
comproprietario dell'area su cui da altri viene realizzato un manufatto abusivo non è pertinente
prevented because of the position is not comparable to the co-owner of the foreign
physically abuse. In fact, it was not the owner of the area, but instead was
legal representative of the company that had applied for the allocation of land on which to perform
activity. It was therefore liable for the acts committed on behalf of the company. It was also the holder of the concession
city that had been released on condition that it was not changing the status
places. So, as holder of the concession, was personally responsible for modifications made to the status of
places. Also have to subscribe personally
bills of sale of cars Ultimately perform all the tasks the law assigns to the legal representative of a company
. It is therefore not true that the fact she has been charged only for the
his formal qualification. On the other hand, "incidentally it was stressed that
was also responsible for not having prevented the event that had a clear obligation to prevent both the commitment
to the town for its quality of administrator . Indeed, the need to prevent
the event, may depend not only by law, by contract, by an administrative act and, in general
from taking a clear obligation, which may not be to change the status of places
by the licensee of a public land. Also just from reading the article
Civil Code of 2392, as the applicant, it is apparent that had prevented the need to prevent
structures were made contrary to the conditions imposed by the grant of the soil.
Indeed, the second paragraph of Article 2392 Civil Code as amended by Legislative Decree No. 6 of 2003
provides that directors (other than the consequences of criminal nature) are jointly and severally liable civilly if
however, being aware of prejudicial (
for society or for third parties), they did what they could to prevent the perpetration or
eliminate or mitigate the harmful consequences. La costruzione di opere abusive, a parte eventuali danni nei confronti dei
terzi e del comune, comportava per la società il rischio della risoluzione del rapporto concessorio
con conseguente danno per la società stessa. Non è vero quindi che non avesse alcun obbligo di
impedire l'evento. Al contrario, una volta avuto contezza dell'installazione di quei manufatti, aveva
il dovere di intervenire per farli rimuovere. In definitiva l'amministratore di una società di capitali
ha il dovere di garantire l'integrità del patrimonio sociale e deve intervenire tutte le volte in cui tale
integrità può essere compromessa. La commissione di reati da parte di amministratori può esporre
la società the risk of claims against him. The judges felt that the substance was not only prevented the
formally the director of the company but also the one who actually ran the
. In any event, even if the offenses had been committed by her father, Chief of fact, as
creeps into action, it would also be prevented by the clear responsibility under Article 40 of the Criminal Code
as assumed "incidentally by territorial court. More
times this court has affirmed the responsibility of the administrator's right to contest in
bankruptcy administrator whether physically committed, being aware of
fact, did not prevent the event (see Cass 14745 and 10465 of 1999) In this case,
the case of contravention. do not even have the intent being sufficient
simple negligence or the fact of having failed to supervise the activities carried out by the administrator of fact. Ultimately
administrator right to a company responds to competition in the crimes committed by your building
whether intentionally or by negligence
did not prevent the event occurring. But in this case the trial judge, with adequate explanations that have prevented the
held directly responsible for the event. Other considerations were carried out
"incidentally to emphasize that the ***** was still liable even if the assumptions made
company had been managed by others.
The third reason is clearly unfounded. According to Article 3 of the Consolidated n 5
on construction is considered new construction for which you need permission to build even
installation of manufactured light prefabricated, and facilities of any kind, such as trailers, campers
, mobile homes, boats that are used, such as housing, workplace, or
as warehouses, and the like that are not intended to satisfy
merely temporary. The temporary
must be inferred from objective facts e non dalle caratteristiche del manufatto o
dall'intenzione soggettiva del costruttore. Nella fattispecie la corte territoriale ha escluso la
temporaneità con motivazione adeguata avendo sottolineato che trattatasi di manufatti posti a
servizio dell'attività svolta dalla società la quale non era temporanea. Inoltre l'articolo 181 del
decreto legislativo n 42 del 2004, già articolo 163 del decreto legislativo n 490 del 1999, fatta
eccezione per gli interventi di cui all'articolo 149 decreto n 42 del 2004, vieta senza la prescritta
autorizzazione o in difformità da essa lavori di qualsiasi genere su beni paesaggistici. La norma non
distingue tra difformità totale o parziale dall'autorizzazione or works between poor and not poor, but
requires only that the intervention is theoretically likely to affect the interests safeguarded. So even
a temporary structure, if appropriate theoretically to affect the well protected by the rule, requires nothing precludes
authority responsible for protection of the bond.
Equally unacceptable is the fourth reason for his manifestly unfounded, because even the
"truck bodies" if used for habitation, storage, toilets etc.
fall within the scope of Article 3 of the Consolidated Law on Construction mentioned above.
Dall'inammissibilità of the action gives rise to the obligation to pay court costs and to pay a sum
that stimasi fair € 1000.00 determine, in favor of the Bank of fines, not
there is no possibility of lack of guilt of the appellant in determining the cause of ineligibility
according to the approach adopted by the Constitutional Court ruling No. 186 of 2000
PQM
THE COURT
Read Article. 616 cpp
HEREBY
untenable appeal and order the appellant to pay court costs and
to pay the sum of € 1000.00 in favor of the Bank of Fines.
Decided in Rome on 17 December 2008 on 26/01/2009
Stationery Store in
In Specifically, the criminal liability for failure to mediate the competition is a combination art. 40 para. and the position of security - in this case-control position constituted by the obligation of monitoring and impediments in the second paragraph of Article. 2392 cc and from the preservation of the assets to creditors under 2394 cc
The commission of crimes by administrators can expose the company to the risk of claims against him. The administrator's right to a corporation liable for crimes committed in the contest administrator whether intentionally or by negligence did not prevent the event occurring.
REPUBBLICA ITALIANA
IN NOME DEL POPOLO ITALIANO
LA CORTE SUPREMA DI CASSAZIONE
Sez. III Penale
Composta dagli Ill.mi Signori
Dott. Enrico ALTIERI Presidente
Dott. Agostino CORDOVA Consigliere
Dott. Pierluigi ONORATO Consigliere
Dott. Ciro PETTI Consigliere
Dott. Aldo FIALE Consigliere
ha pronunciato la seguente
SENTENZA
- sul ricorso proposto da ***********, nata a Genzano di Roma il **********, avverso la sentenza
della corte d'appello di Roma del 15 gennaio del 2008;
- udita la relazione svolta dal consigliere dott. Ciro Petti;
- sentito il P.M. nella persona del sostituto procuratore General Dr. Alfredo Mountain, which has
concluded the appeal inadmissible;
- after hearing the defense lawyer. Antonio Androni as substitute procedural Att. Fabrizio Federici, the
which concluded that the appeal is accepted;
- read the appeal and the sentence complained of the following remarks
IN FACT
The Court of Appeal of Rome, Judgement of 15 January 2008, confirmed that delivered
by the court of Velletri 19 January 2007, which ***********
was sentenced to twenty days of arrest and a fine of € 10,600, to be responsible for crimes under Articles.
44 letter c) of Presidential Decree No 380 of 2001 and Decree 163, Legislative n 490 1999 for having, in a
bound, made a number of works (leveling the ground, two prefabricated structures
two metal-covered plastic, some billboards and two refrigerators)
without planning permission and without clearance authority responsible for protection of the bond. Without
committed 7 November 2003
According to the reconstruction facts contained in the contested decision which ***********,
company executive ***********, limited liability company , who operates
storage used and new cars, had sought and obtained a concession il suolo pubblico
su cui svolgere l'attività a condizione che non fossero installate opere durevoli e fosse conservato lo
stato dei luoghi, fatta eccezione per la normale pulizia e la sistemazione del terreno. Essa, invece,
aveva realizzato le opere indicate nel capo d'imputazione senza alcuna autorizzazione.
Tanto premesso, la corte osservava che i prefabbricati e gli altri manufatti per la loro obiettiva
destinazione a servizio della società non potevano considerarsi opere precarie; che la prevenuta era
responsabile, non solo perché formalmente era l'amministratrice della società, ma anche perché di
fatto l'amministrava, come dimostrato dai contratti di cessione delle autovetture da lei undersigned,
and was the holder of the concession in land use and, moreover, had the duty to prevent
which the event occurred.
recurs to the Supreme Court claiming the accused:
1) violation of incriminating under Article 27 of the Constitution and the fact that the
had been charged only for its formal qualities of Directors, and occurs
illogical reasoning on that point;
2) violation of Article 40 of the Criminal Code and Civil Code 2392 to get the
court erred in finding that it had an obligation to prevent the event;
3) Any violation of incriminating the case of works for which there was poor
necessary il permesso di costruire;
4)travisamento del fatto o della prova essendo emerso proprio dalla testimonianza dei vigili urbani e
segnatamente da quella del vigile urbano Barbalisca che non trattavasi di prefabbricati, ma di due
cassoni di camion furgonati semplicemente appoggiati al suolo
IN DIRITTO
Questo collegio, premesso che allo stato il reato non si è prescritto perché alla scorsa udienza del 21
novembre del 2008, davanti a questa corte diversamente costituita, il processo è stato rinviato per
impedimento del difensore, per cui il termine prescrizionale che scadeva proprio il 21 novembre del
2008, per effetto di precedenti sospensioni intercorse nel giudizio di merito per complessivi mesi
five and 14 days, was suspended for an additional 60 days after removal of the cause,
notes that the application is still unacceptable in several respects. First
for the non-specificity of the grounds. Article 581
Lett. c) Code of Criminal Procedure provides that the appeals should read: "
specific indication of the legal arguments and facts that support each individual request."
The legislature of 1988 reaffirmed the need for specification of complaints to ensure a minimum of seriousness
to appeals claiming that the reasons are related to each request by
clear and precise indication of the complaints that are to move across or points of
contested decision and the reasons of law and factual findings that support
every single request. Under the guidance of this court, are considered non-specific reasons that
reproduce the same reasons already discussed and considered to be unfounded by the court of appeal. The lack of specificity of
why indeed should be appreciated, not only because of its vagueness, as
indeterminacy, but also for the lack of correlation between the reasons argued
the contested decision and those forming the basis for the appeal, this could not
ignore the clarification, the court criticized, without falling into the habit of non-specificity driver in mind Article 591
comma 1 lett. c) all'inammissibilità (Cass 18 settembre 1997 Ahemtovic ;Cass.sez
II, 6 maggio 2003 Curcillo).
Nella fattispecie la ricorrente si limita a riproporre censure già avanzate alla sentenza di primo
grado e puntualmente respinte dalla corte territoriale senza indicare in maniera specifica i vizi del
ragionamento del giudice censurato.
In secondo luogo per la manifesta infondatezza dei motivi.
Con riferimento ai primi due motivi, che vanno esaminati congiuntamente perché strettamente
connessi, si osserva che il riferimento alla giurisprudenza di questa corte sulla responsabilità del
comproprietario dell'area su cui da altri viene realizzato un manufatto abusivo non è pertinente
prevented because of the position is not comparable to the co-owner of the foreign
physically abuse. In fact, it was not the owner of the area, but instead was
legal representative of the company that had applied for the allocation of land on which to perform
activity. It was therefore liable for the acts committed on behalf of the company. It was also the holder of the concession
city that had been released on condition that it was not changing the status
places. So, as holder of the concession, was personally responsible for modifications made to the status of
places. Also have to subscribe personally
bills of sale of cars Ultimately perform all the tasks the law assigns to the legal representative of a company
. It is therefore not true that the fact she has been charged only for the
his formal qualification. On the other hand, "incidentally it was stressed that
was also responsible for not having prevented the event that had a clear obligation to prevent both the commitment
to the town for its quality of administrator . Indeed, the need to prevent
the event, may depend not only by law, by contract, by an administrative act and, in general
from taking a clear obligation, which may not be to change the status of places
by the licensee of a public land. Also just from reading the article
Civil Code of 2392, as the applicant, it is apparent that had prevented the need to prevent
structures were made contrary to the conditions imposed by the grant of the soil.
Indeed, the second paragraph of Article 2392 Civil Code as amended by Legislative Decree No. 6 of 2003
provides that directors (other than the consequences of criminal nature) are jointly and severally liable civilly if
however, being aware of prejudicial (
for society or for third parties), they did what they could to prevent the perpetration or
eliminate or mitigate the harmful consequences. La costruzione di opere abusive, a parte eventuali danni nei confronti dei
terzi e del comune, comportava per la società il rischio della risoluzione del rapporto concessorio
con conseguente danno per la società stessa. Non è vero quindi che non avesse alcun obbligo di
impedire l'evento. Al contrario, una volta avuto contezza dell'installazione di quei manufatti, aveva
il dovere di intervenire per farli rimuovere. In definitiva l'amministratore di una società di capitali
ha il dovere di garantire l'integrità del patrimonio sociale e deve intervenire tutte le volte in cui tale
integrità può essere compromessa. La commissione di reati da parte di amministratori può esporre
la società the risk of claims against him. The judges felt that the substance was not only prevented the
formally the director of the company but also the one who actually ran the
. In any event, even if the offenses had been committed by her father, Chief of fact, as
creeps into action, it would also be prevented by the clear responsibility under Article 40 of the Criminal Code
as assumed "incidentally by territorial court. More
times this court has affirmed the responsibility of the administrator's right to contest in
bankruptcy administrator whether physically committed, being aware of
fact, did not prevent the event (see Cass 14745 and 10465 of 1999) In this case,
the case of contravention. do not even have the intent being sufficient
simple negligence or the fact of having failed to supervise the activities carried out by the administrator of fact. Ultimately
administrator right to a company responds to competition in the crimes committed by your building
whether intentionally or by negligence
did not prevent the event occurring. But in this case the trial judge, with adequate explanations that have prevented the
held directly responsible for the event. Other considerations were carried out
"incidentally to emphasize that the ***** was still liable even if the assumptions made
company had been managed by others.
The third reason is clearly unfounded. According to Article 3 of the Consolidated n 5
on construction is considered new construction for which you need permission to build even
installation of manufactured light prefabricated, and facilities of any kind, such as trailers, campers
, mobile homes, boats that are used, such as housing, workplace, or
as warehouses, and the like that are not intended to satisfy
merely temporary. The temporary
must be inferred from objective facts e non dalle caratteristiche del manufatto o
dall'intenzione soggettiva del costruttore. Nella fattispecie la corte territoriale ha escluso la
temporaneità con motivazione adeguata avendo sottolineato che trattatasi di manufatti posti a
servizio dell'attività svolta dalla società la quale non era temporanea. Inoltre l'articolo 181 del
decreto legislativo n 42 del 2004, già articolo 163 del decreto legislativo n 490 del 1999, fatta
eccezione per gli interventi di cui all'articolo 149 decreto n 42 del 2004, vieta senza la prescritta
autorizzazione o in difformità da essa lavori di qualsiasi genere su beni paesaggistici. La norma non
distingue tra difformità totale o parziale dall'autorizzazione or works between poor and not poor, but
requires only that the intervention is theoretically likely to affect the interests safeguarded. So even
a temporary structure, if appropriate theoretically to affect the well protected by the rule, requires nothing precludes
authority responsible for protection of the bond.
Equally unacceptable is the fourth reason for his manifestly unfounded, because even the
"truck bodies" if used for habitation, storage, toilets etc.
fall within the scope of Article 3 of the Consolidated Law on Construction mentioned above.
Dall'inammissibilità of the action gives rise to the obligation to pay court costs and to pay a sum
that stimasi fair € 1000.00 determine, in favor of the Bank of fines, not
there is no possibility of lack of guilt of the appellant in determining the cause of ineligibility
according to the approach adopted by the Constitutional Court ruling No. 186 of 2000
PQM
THE COURT
Read Article. 616 cpp
HEREBY
untenable appeal and order the appellant to pay court costs and
to pay the sum of € 1000.00 in favor of the Bank of Fines.
Decided in Rome on 17 December 2008 on 26/01/2009
Stationery Store in
