il concordato preventivo e gli accordi di ristrutturazione 3. The arrangement (Articles 160 - 186 L . F.)
3.1. Meaning . - The arrangement is a tool that bankruptcy law provides the entrepreneur to avoid bankruptcy and the related adverse effect (cessation of business, dispossession of property, personal effects, etc ...).
essential element of the arrangement (which takes its name) 's agreement between employer and creditors about the manner in which the latter must be met.
3.2. Conditions for admission the procedure. - The procedure in question is admissible only at the request of the entrepreneur in bankruptcy court proceedings that some objective and subjective conditions (Acts 160 L . F.).
a) Subjective Conditions:
- as a businessman not small;
- the existence of the crisis of the entrepreneur: not necessarily insolvent, they also a hypothesis of financial difficulty and / or temporary liquidity crisis and not irreversible; the l legislature can then also the entrepreneur who is in mere difficulty, although not insolvent, to initiate a legal process of rehabilitation.
b) In terms of objective need for the contractor to propose a reorganization plan creditors of their debts either through :
- the restructuring of debts and satisfaction of claims by any form , including disposal of assets, assumption or other extraordinary transactions, including also the issue to the creditors of shares, convertible bonds, securities or debt securities;
- the attribution of the activities of the entrepreneur who proposed the agreement to a taker (which can be either: one or more creditors, third, a company owned by one or more creditors), this recovery plan essentially provides that the contractor disposes of the crisis in your organization or a branch of it Assumptor (a kind of "guarantor" procedure), which should take care of its efficient management and pay creditors with the profits from the management . Alternatively, the art. No 160 2 L . F. requires that the taker of the arrangement function can be covered by a company formed ad hoc nel corso della procedura.
Si deve comunque rilevare che le previsioni legislative sono alquanto generiche e incomplete; saranno quindi l’autonomia privata e la prassi (aziendale e giurisprudenziale) a tipizzare i contenuti dei piani di risanamento.
3.4. Gli effetti dell’ammissione al concordato. – Una delle differenze più significative tra concordato e fallimento (e che rendono la procedura in esame senz’altro più appetibile rispetto al fallimento) e che l’imprenditore conserva l’amministrazione dei suoi beni e l’esercizio dell’impresa, sebbene sotto la vigilanza del commissario giudiziale (art. 167, primo comma, L.F.) .
Per il compimento di atti di particolare rilievo (stipula di mutui; transazioni; vendita di immobili; concessioni di pegno e ipoteche; rilascio di fideiussioni; rinunzie alle liti; atti di ricognizione di diritti di terzi; cancellazione di ipoteche; restituzione di pegni; accettazioni di eredità e donazioni) è peraltro prevista l’autorizzazione scritta del gudice delegato, pena l’inefficacia dei medesimi rispetto ai creditori anteriori al concordato.
Per quanto riguarda la posizione dei creditori , gli effetti del concordato sono in parte analoghi a quelli del fallimento (art. 168, L .F.); si verifica cioè una sorte di “congelamento” della posizione dell’imprenditore ammesso al concordato allo scopo di consentire sia il risanamento dell’impresa, sia la soddisfazione dei creditori secondo una logica concorsuale:
a) i creditori in forza di un titolo anteriore al decreto di ammissione alla procedura non possono iniziare o proseguire azioni esecutive individuali;
b) restano sospese le prescrizioni e do not occur disqualifications;
c) the unsecured creditors can buy pre-emption rights, but only after permission of the court supervising;
d) is suspended over the interest (legal or conventional) on monetary debts.
3.5. The procedure. - The agreement is divided into the following phases:
a) entrepreneur application for admission to the bankruptcy court with allegations of required documentation;
b) court order that, after verification of that documentation and requirements, allows the farmer to the procedure, the court appoints the executive and judicial commissioner, and order the convening of creditors;
c) meeting and vote of creditors;
d) court approval by the bankruptcy court and issuance of the Judgement package;
s) implementation of the agreed specifications provided in the plan submitted by the entrepreneur.
The Judicial Commissioner is of the important and delicate role to supervise the activities of the entrepreneur and the respect of the recovery plan, the Commissioner also has the power and duty to consult at all times all books and records of the company (see art. 170 L . F.).
Commissioner - che ha natura di pubblico uffiiciale – è inoltre “protagonista” nella prima fase della procedura, svolgendo compiti di controllo e di informazione:
Più in particolare, in seguito al decreto di ammissione alla procedura:
a) verifica le scritture contabili e redige l’elenco dei debiti e dei crediti;
b) comunica ai creditori la data dell’adunanza e il contenuto del piano proposto dall’imprenditore;
c) draw up an inventory of the assets of the entrepreneur;
d) draw up a report on the causes of instability of 'business and the conduct of the entrepreneur and give an assessment on the recovery plan proposed in the application.
3.6. Restructuring agreements (Article 182 - bis LF) . - An interesting innovation introduced by Law 35/2005 is formed from the restructuring agreement, a particular mode of implementation of the agreed budget. This is court agreements between entrepreneurs and creditors (at least 60%) supported the report of an expert (chosen by the entrepreneur) on the convenience and feasibility of the agreements.
The agreements in question should be given analytically by a farmer agreed to request admission and are subject to publication in the register of companies.
3.7. Termination and cancellation of the arrangement. - The agreement can be:
- fixed, in case of default by the contractor of its obligations;
- canceled in the event of theft or fraudulent overstatement of liabilities or concealing assets; in both cases the employer is declared bankrupt .
