The Corte Suprema della sezione II con la sentenza in the epigraph chiarisce nozione di restructuring, reconstruction and new construction
In particular, the Court of Cassation had on several occasions, the opportunity to say:
a) that the simple restructuring occurs when interventions, involving only internal changes, have affected a building whose essential components such as walls, roof and horizontal structures have remained unchanged;
b) that the reconstruction occurs when these building components, per event natural or human made, have ceased to exist, and what to non abbia comportato alcuna variazione rispetto alle originarie dimensioni dell'edificio, con particolare riferimento alla volumetria, alla superficie di ingombro occupata ed all'altezza;
c) che,in caso di aumento di una delle suddette componenti, si è presenza di una nuova costruzione , da considerare tale agli effetti del computo delle distanze rispetto agli immobili contigui;
a) that the simple restructuring occurs when interventions, involving only internal changes, have affected a building whose essential components such as walls, roof and horizontal structures have remained unchanged;
b) that the reconstruction occurs when these building components, per event natural or human made, have ceased to exist, and what to non abbia comportato alcuna variazione rispetto alle originarie dimensioni dell'edificio, con particolare riferimento alla volumetria, alla superficie di ingombro occupata ed all'altezza;
c) che,in caso di aumento di una delle suddette componenti, si è presenza di una nuova costruzione , da considerare tale agli effetti del computo delle distanze rispetto agli immobili contigui;
fff
SUPREMA CORTE DI CASSAZIONE
SEZIONE II CIVILE
SEZIONE II CIVILE
Judgement of May 28 to September 7, 2009, n. 19287
( President Schettino - Rapporteur Piccialli )
( President Schettino - Rapporteur Piccialli )
Conduct of case
a writ served on 02/06/1995 ........ ........, owning a property in ............, cited the opinion of the Court of .............. ascribing their neighbors .............., trespassing, squatting, and failure to follow statutory distances, even in the opening of some windows, committed in the construction of a building on their background, therefore calling for the adoption of measures , restitution, compensatory and inhibitors of the case. Formed
the defendants, demanded the dismissal of the application in its leaders, notably pleading that it complied with the boundary, as established in a previous held between the parties, and had only renovated a building existing , with observance of the above distances, also observing the opening of the windows, the legal one, as the occupation of a small part of the background of the actors, they proposed counterclaim domanda di accertamento dell'usucapione.
All'esito della svolta istruttoria documentale ed orale e dell'espletata consulenza tecnica di ufficio, con sentenza del 2.26-3-01 l'adito Tribunale in parte dichiarava inammissibili , perché precluse da giudicato (costituito da una sentenza del locale pretore, la ........, confermata in appello), ed in parte rigettava, per infondatezza , le richieste attrici; dichiarava, peraltro, inammissibile la domanda riconvenzionale , perché ancora pendente al riguardo il precedente giudizio.
Proposto dalle attrici appello, resistito dagli appellati, con proposizione di impugnazione limited to incidental costs of government (the first judge had fully compensated), with a ruling of the Court of 16.5-24.9.03 .......... dismissed the appeal and main, in partial acceptance than incidental, to the extent compensated by 40% the cost of the first instance, by placing them for the rest to pay the plaintiffs appellants, adjusting like those of the appeal proceedings.
The main appeal of the rejection was motivated by considerations essential under which, as shown by the technical consultant and subsequent clarification of the OTC, not contradicted by the "approximate statements of some heads "and a late and instrumental part of the technical report, the defendants had restored, albeit with reconstruction of some parts and with certain differences ( perspective, internal distribution and coverage") does not relevant in terms of statutory reports , a former manufactured in accordance with the previous legal distance of three meters, so open windows from scratch in the wall near the bottom prospettante were from considered legitimate.
against that ruling the ........ appealed to the Supreme Court entrusted to a single reason. They resisted
.......... with defense. Both parties have lodged a statement illustrative. Reasons for Decision
With the sole ground of appeal is clear " insufficient grounds on a decisive issue in the dispute in relation to misrepresentation and failure to take account of relevant facts, in violation of Article. No 360 5 Code of Civil Procedure. "
He complains that the lower courts, in relying on the report "highly illogical" the official technical consultant, conversely dismissing the criticisms made by the plaintiffs in the appearance closing statement following the report of the consultant's part, would unduly ruled that the building in question was the subject of a rebuilding from scratch, for the mere fact that the rebuilding would take place for successive sections. But that assessment did not take into account that the building had been rebuilt with quite different materials (especially modern bricks in place of the existing "pebbles"), with construction of a wall with windows in place of the former blind with raising the level of the floor and changing the attic, improperly used for residential purposes, such differences, consisting of higher volumes and greater heights, on time established by the City of Agliana , and involving violation of local distances, had been unreasonably excluded or undervalued by the courts of appeal, with reference to the actual distance between the window and wall borders, reality of only 2.83 to 2.85 m, would apodictically dismissed the specific complaints such as late defensive tricks.
The appeal is based, as the appellate courts, as compared to articulate complaints with the notice of appeal, should have provided a comprehensive response to the central question characterizing the dispute accepted, where the building work in questione avesse dato luogo, in tutto o in parte, ad una “ ricostruzione ”, assoggettabile alle maggiori distanze di cui alle sopravvenute norme edilizie locali, rispetto a quelle previste in origine.
La giurisprudenza di questa Corte in materia ha avuto, più volte, modo di affermare:
a) che la semplice ristrutturazione si verifica quando gli interventi, comportando modificazioni esclusivamente interne, abbiano interessato un fabbricato le cui componenti essenziali, quali muri perimetrali, strutture orizzontali e copertura siano rimasti inalterati;
b) che la reconstruction occurs when the these components of the building, natural disaster or human fact, have failed and the subsequent intervention has not resulted in any change compared to the original size of the building, with particular reference to the volume, the floor space occupied and height;
c) that, in case of increase of any of the above components, there is a new development , to consider the effects of calculating distances compared to adjacent properties;
d) that in the latter cases, the predicted distance from the new provisions goes anyway riferita al nuovo fabbricato nel suo complesso, ove lo strumento urbanistico contenga una norma espressa in tal senso, oppure, in mancanza, alle sole parti eccedenti le dimensioni dell'edificio originario (v. tra le altre, Cass . 6637/06, 1817/04, 6317/03, 14128/00, 4577/94, 3762/89).
Al fine della corretta applicazione dei suesposti principi, che in questa sede si ribadiscono, i giudici di merito avrebbero dovuto verificare se effettivamente , come sostenuto dalla parte convenuta, il nuovo edificio fosse conforme, nell'altezza e nella volumetria, a quello preesistente ; quelli di secondo grado, in particolare, avrebbero dovuto fornire un'adeguata e convincente risposta alle censure degli appellanti, che non è dato, tuttavia, riscontrare nella motivazione, al riguardo elusiva e poco convincente, fornita dalla corte fiorentina.
Per quanto riguarda, in particolare, la volumetria del nuovo del fabbricato, i giudici di appello si limitano a riportare una considerazione , meramente ipotetica, del consulente tecnico di ufficio, secondo la quale gli “eventuali incrementi volumetrici che fossero stati ravvisabili ... non avrebbero comunque portato aggravi di alcun genere alla proprietà delle M.-B.”, senza considerare che siffatti incrementi, ove sussistenti, avrebbero dato luogo ad una nuova costruzione, come tale assoggettabile alle maggiori distanze imposte the rules in force at the time of the intervention. Equally satisfying is not the answer to the question of the height, where the court is limited merit, without any critical scrutiny referred to the specific content of the underlying sources of evidence cited by the appellants and with general reference to the expert's report, to discredit a) the findings of a report of the technical office of the City, form the basis of trade union ripristinatoria order in this regard by observing that they were prior to the "practice of building amnesty" ( known to be irrelevant in terms of statutory reports ) and, which, while privileged faith the fact "of historical misurazioni”, non spiegherebbero analogo rilievo probatorio sulla relativa “esattezza”, considerazione quest'ultima che, seppur teoricamente condivisibile , avrebbe dovuto esser tuttavia integrata dalle specifiche ragioni in base alle quali siffatti accertamenti , compiuti da un organo da presumersi, per i compiti istituzionali svolti nel pubblico interesse, particolarmente idoneo a siffatte valutazioni (peraltro, nella specie, non di particolare complessità, risolvendosi nella misurazione delle dimensioni di un fabbricato), fossero in concreto tecnicamente inaffidabili b) the testimony of the texts, referencing the lower height of the previous building, branded " approssimatività ", without giving more aware of such proceedings, nor to consider that the details in this regard offered by non-interested, could not be that de visu and, therefore, necessarily not precise as to the measures.
In order to the distance between the building and the boundary, which in the final analysis, even assuming reconstruction in accordance with the previous size, is relevant to art. 905 Code of Civil Procedure, in consideration of 'uncontested novelty of the views made in the wall facing the bottom of the actresses, the grounds of the appeal is not very satisfying, simply disregard , simply because late, the findings of expert witnesses, as products in the first instance only with the pop closing statement, but without taking into account that, as it is not new exception or evidence, no foreclosure art. 345 cpc precluded, on appeal, the same Annex, which technical argument - defense, the practical argument in the appeal, according to which the actual distance was less than m. 3. And even in that regard, uncritical adherence of the courts of appeal to the opinion of the CTU is not better explained, except with the consideration , purely formal in this regard that no relief was timely formulated in the previous stage. The judgment should conclusively , Cassata with reference to the renewal of the appeal proceedings on the points of the decision as previously complained of, to another section of the territorial court of origin, which also entrust the settlement of costs of these proceedings. PQM
The Court accepts the appeal, the decision under appeal and cash returns, even for the costs of these proceedings, to other section of the Court of Appeals ........
a writ served on 02/06/1995 ........ ........, owning a property in ............, cited the opinion of the Court of .............. ascribing their neighbors .............., trespassing, squatting, and failure to follow statutory distances, even in the opening of some windows, committed in the construction of a building on their background, therefore calling for the adoption of measures , restitution, compensatory and inhibitors of the case. Formed
the defendants, demanded the dismissal of the application in its leaders, notably pleading that it complied with the boundary, as established in a previous held between the parties, and had only renovated a building existing , with observance of the above distances, also observing the opening of the windows, the legal one, as the occupation of a small part of the background of the actors, they proposed counterclaim domanda di accertamento dell'usucapione.
All'esito della svolta istruttoria documentale ed orale e dell'espletata consulenza tecnica di ufficio, con sentenza del 2.26-3-01 l'adito Tribunale in parte dichiarava inammissibili , perché precluse da giudicato (costituito da una sentenza del locale pretore, la ........, confermata in appello), ed in parte rigettava, per infondatezza , le richieste attrici; dichiarava, peraltro, inammissibile la domanda riconvenzionale , perché ancora pendente al riguardo il precedente giudizio.
Proposto dalle attrici appello, resistito dagli appellati, con proposizione di impugnazione limited to incidental costs of government (the first judge had fully compensated), with a ruling of the Court of 16.5-24.9.03 .......... dismissed the appeal and main, in partial acceptance than incidental, to the extent compensated by 40% the cost of the first instance, by placing them for the rest to pay the plaintiffs appellants, adjusting like those of the appeal proceedings.
The main appeal of the rejection was motivated by considerations essential under which, as shown by the technical consultant and subsequent clarification of the OTC, not contradicted by the "approximate statements of some heads "and a late and instrumental part of the technical report, the defendants had restored, albeit with reconstruction of some parts and with certain differences ( perspective, internal distribution and coverage") does not relevant in terms of statutory reports , a former manufactured in accordance with the previous legal distance of three meters, so open windows from scratch in the wall near the bottom prospettante were from considered legitimate.
against that ruling the ........ appealed to the Supreme Court entrusted to a single reason. They resisted
.......... with defense. Both parties have lodged a statement illustrative. Reasons for Decision
With the sole ground of appeal is clear " insufficient grounds on a decisive issue in the dispute in relation to misrepresentation and failure to take account of relevant facts, in violation of Article. No 360 5 Code of Civil Procedure. "
He complains that the lower courts, in relying on the report "highly illogical" the official technical consultant, conversely dismissing the criticisms made by the plaintiffs in the appearance closing statement following the report of the consultant's part, would unduly ruled that the building in question was the subject of a rebuilding from scratch, for the mere fact that the rebuilding would take place for successive sections. But that assessment did not take into account that the building had been rebuilt with quite different materials (especially modern bricks in place of the existing "pebbles"), with construction of a wall with windows in place of the former blind with raising the level of the floor and changing the attic, improperly used for residential purposes, such differences, consisting of higher volumes and greater heights, on time established by the City of Agliana , and involving violation of local distances, had been unreasonably excluded or undervalued by the courts of appeal, with reference to the actual distance between the window and wall borders, reality of only 2.83 to 2.85 m, would apodictically dismissed the specific complaints such as late defensive tricks.
The appeal is based, as the appellate courts, as compared to articulate complaints with the notice of appeal, should have provided a comprehensive response to the central question characterizing the dispute accepted, where the building work in questione avesse dato luogo, in tutto o in parte, ad una “ ricostruzione ”, assoggettabile alle maggiori distanze di cui alle sopravvenute norme edilizie locali, rispetto a quelle previste in origine.
La giurisprudenza di questa Corte in materia ha avuto, più volte, modo di affermare:
a) che la semplice ristrutturazione si verifica quando gli interventi, comportando modificazioni esclusivamente interne, abbiano interessato un fabbricato le cui componenti essenziali, quali muri perimetrali, strutture orizzontali e copertura siano rimasti inalterati;
b) che la reconstruction occurs when the these components of the building, natural disaster or human fact, have failed and the subsequent intervention has not resulted in any change compared to the original size of the building, with particular reference to the volume, the floor space occupied and height;
c) that, in case of increase of any of the above components, there is a new development , to consider the effects of calculating distances compared to adjacent properties;
d) that in the latter cases, the predicted distance from the new provisions goes anyway riferita al nuovo fabbricato nel suo complesso, ove lo strumento urbanistico contenga una norma espressa in tal senso, oppure, in mancanza, alle sole parti eccedenti le dimensioni dell'edificio originario (v. tra le altre, Cass . 6637/06, 1817/04, 6317/03, 14128/00, 4577/94, 3762/89).
Al fine della corretta applicazione dei suesposti principi, che in questa sede si ribadiscono, i giudici di merito avrebbero dovuto verificare se effettivamente , come sostenuto dalla parte convenuta, il nuovo edificio fosse conforme, nell'altezza e nella volumetria, a quello preesistente ; quelli di secondo grado, in particolare, avrebbero dovuto fornire un'adeguata e convincente risposta alle censure degli appellanti, che non è dato, tuttavia, riscontrare nella motivazione, al riguardo elusiva e poco convincente, fornita dalla corte fiorentina.
Per quanto riguarda, in particolare, la volumetria del nuovo del fabbricato, i giudici di appello si limitano a riportare una considerazione , meramente ipotetica, del consulente tecnico di ufficio, secondo la quale gli “eventuali incrementi volumetrici che fossero stati ravvisabili ... non avrebbero comunque portato aggravi di alcun genere alla proprietà delle M.-B.”, senza considerare che siffatti incrementi, ove sussistenti, avrebbero dato luogo ad una nuova costruzione, come tale assoggettabile alle maggiori distanze imposte the rules in force at the time of the intervention. Equally satisfying is not the answer to the question of the height, where the court is limited merit, without any critical scrutiny referred to the specific content of the underlying sources of evidence cited by the appellants and with general reference to the expert's report, to discredit a) the findings of a report of the technical office of the City, form the basis of trade union ripristinatoria order in this regard by observing that they were prior to the "practice of building amnesty" ( known to be irrelevant in terms of statutory reports ) and, which, while privileged faith the fact "of historical misurazioni”, non spiegherebbero analogo rilievo probatorio sulla relativa “esattezza”, considerazione quest'ultima che, seppur teoricamente condivisibile , avrebbe dovuto esser tuttavia integrata dalle specifiche ragioni in base alle quali siffatti accertamenti , compiuti da un organo da presumersi, per i compiti istituzionali svolti nel pubblico interesse, particolarmente idoneo a siffatte valutazioni (peraltro, nella specie, non di particolare complessità, risolvendosi nella misurazione delle dimensioni di un fabbricato), fossero in concreto tecnicamente inaffidabili b) the testimony of the texts, referencing the lower height of the previous building, branded " approssimatività ", without giving more aware of such proceedings, nor to consider that the details in this regard offered by non-interested, could not be that de visu and, therefore, necessarily not precise as to the measures.
In order to the distance between the building and the boundary, which in the final analysis, even assuming reconstruction in accordance with the previous size, is relevant to art. 905 Code of Civil Procedure, in consideration of 'uncontested novelty of the views made in the wall facing the bottom of the actresses, the grounds of the appeal is not very satisfying, simply disregard , simply because late, the findings of expert witnesses, as products in the first instance only with the pop closing statement, but without taking into account that, as it is not new exception or evidence, no foreclosure art. 345 cpc precluded, on appeal, the same Annex, which technical argument - defense, the practical argument in the appeal, according to which the actual distance was less than m. 3. And even in that regard, uncritical adherence of the courts of appeal to the opinion of the CTU is not better explained, except with the consideration , purely formal in this regard that no relief was timely formulated in the previous stage. The judgment should conclusively , Cassata with reference to the renewal of the appeal proceedings on the points of the decision as previously complained of, to another section of the territorial court of origin, which also entrust the settlement of costs of these proceedings. PQM
The Court accepts the appeal, the decision under appeal and cash returns, even for the costs of these proceedings, to other section of the Court of Appeals ........
